<International Circulation>: As president of this year’s EAS congress what were the major developments in terms of advancing our understanding and improving the management of atherosclerosis?
Prof. Beisiegel: In terms of advancing our understanding of this condition I would like to highlight the latest findings from the Global Genomewide Association Analysis of Coronary Artery Disease; which were presented by Professor Heribert Schunkert who coordinates this group. Under the name CARDIoGRAM the group revealed more than 20 highly reproducible genetic loci which are connected to myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease. This certainly is a very intriguing area and we look forward in anticipation from further findings which could help us understand more clearly the pathophysiological mechanisms involved as well as help us screen the population for the elevated risk of developing atherosclerosis. 2. Another important development from this year’s meeting was that the EAS Consensus Panel agreed on a new recommendation concerning lipoprotein-a. For a long time we have known that lipoprotein-a is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD)，but were unsure as to whether we should measure it or not. The panel which comprises 18 renowned international experts in atherosclerosis and CVD all recommended that lipoprotein-a should be taken into account when screening patients for their risk of CVD. 3. Based from published experiments from last year; there was also considerable interest on the revealing properties of brown adipose tissue in reducing the risk of CVD. Unpublished data found that increasing the activity of brown adipose tissue in mouse models lead to the abolishment of high levels of triglycerides during the postprandial phase. The brown adipose tissue can act like a sink for triglycerides and this might be a very interesting new system in turning the screw in order to decrease triglycerides by increasing the activity of brown adipose tissue. Normally we stimulate brown adipose tissue by cold， and if you put the mice in cold environments， triglycerides go down and they go into the brown adipose tissue. This effect might be mimicked in future by suitable synthetic molecules. 4. Last but not least there was an outstanding presentation by Professor Johan Auwerx who shared some new data on resveratrol. This is a component of red wine and has a number of beneficial effects which includes aiding in the burning of excess energy.
在促进对动脉粥样硬化的了解方面，冠心病的全球全基因组关联分析的最新研究——CARDIoGRAM，发现了20多个与心肌梗死和冠心病相关的具有高度重复性的基因位点。该研究有助于更清楚地了解动脉粥样硬化的病理生理机制及筛查动脉粥样硬化高危人群。
本次大会公布了关于脂蛋白a的专家共识。EAS共识专家组由动脉粥样硬化和心血管疾病领域的18位国际知名专家组成，他们一致推荐在筛查患者的心血管风险时应考虑脂蛋白a水平。
基于去年发表的试验数据，显示出观察褐色脂肪组织的特点以减少心血管风险方面的研究兴趣。未发表的数据显示，在小鼠模型增加褐色脂肪组织的活性能够预防餐后甘油三酯的升高。褐色脂肪组织能够储存甘油三酯，通过增加褐色脂肪组织的活性来降低甘油三酯可能是一个非常有意义的新方法。通常以低温来刺激褐色脂肪组织，如果将小鼠放入低温环境中，甘油三酯水平将下降，进入褐色脂肪组织。
Johan Auwerx教授介绍了有关白藜芦醇的研究。白藜芦醇是红酒的成分之一，具有一系列有益作用，包括有助于消耗多余能量。
<International Circulation>: Could you please summarize the latest progress of the Hamburg Trial; which is a prospective observation of 2000 healthy workers for the development of metabolic syndrome?
Prof. Beisiegel: The aim of the study is to find early biomarkers for insulin resistance and diabetes which should be followed in their relevance over a ten year time period. The recruiting process has just been finalized a few months ago and there are only preliminary data available in the moment. Incidentally we found that in this population of healthy workers only 26% have no risk factor at all. Checking for the five features defined as markers for the metabolic syndrome， namely high waist circumference， high blood pressure， high glucose levels， high triglycerides or low HDL cholesterol， we found 17% with confirmed metabolic syndrome (three of these features). And even though the cohort has a mean age of only 42 years， already 57% expressed one or two of those risk factors.
汉堡研究的目的是发现胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病的早期标志物。汉堡研究的受试者入选工作已于几个月前完成，也得到了一些初步数据。健康工人人群只有26%没有糖尿病危险因素。检查作为标志物的代谢综合征的5种特征：过粗腰围、高血压、高血糖、高血脂和低HDL胆固醇，17%的人群符合3个以上特征被确诊为代谢综合征。尽管该组人群平均年龄只有42岁，但57%的人群表现出1个或2个危险因素。
<International Circulation>: What is the role of endogenous apolipoprotein E in adipogenic differentiation?
Prof. Beisiegel: Adipose tissue needs apolipoprotein E for its differentiation and in absence of this apoprotein， as demonstrated in apolipoprotein E protein knockout cells or mice， adipose tissue does not develop normally. This is a very important finding and one of the many physiological functions of apolipoprotein E.
褐色脂肪组织的分化需要载脂蛋白E。去除载脂蛋白E基因的细胞或小鼠的褐色脂肪组织不能正常发育，这是载脂蛋白E的重要功能之一，也是一个非常重要的发现。
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